親の期待___反して、彼は退学した。
The correct answer is **に (ni)**. The particle 「に」 is used here as part of the fixed phrase 「~に反して (ni hanshite)」, which means "against," "contrary to," or "in opposition to." The noun preceding 「に」 is the thing being opposed or contradicted. Thus, 「親の期待に反して」 means "contrary to his parents' expectations." **を (o)** is a direct object marker. 「反する (hansuru)」 is generally an intransitive verb meaning "to be contrary to" or "to go against," and it takes 「に」 to specify what it is contrary to. You would not use 「を」 with 「反して」. However, you might use 「期待を裏切る」 (betray expectations). **で (de)** indicates a means, method, or cause. 「親の期待で」 would mean "by means of parents' expectations" or "because of parents' expectations," which doesn't fit the meaning of going against them. **から (kara)** indicates a source, origin, or reason. 「親の期待から」 would mean "from parents' expectations" (e.g., 「期待から生まれた」 - born from expectations), which is not the intended meaning of opposition.
正解は「に」です。「~に反して」は「~に逆らって」「~とは反対に」という意味の決まった表現で、期待、予想、命令などの反対であることを示します。ここでは「親の期待に反して」で、親の期待とは違う行動をしたことを表します。 「を」は直接の目的語を示す助詞ですが、「反する」は自動詞であるため、「を」は使いません。 「で」は手段や原因、場所などを表しますが、「~に反して」の意味にはなりません。 「から」は起点や原因を表しますが、ここには当てはまりません。
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