"~ませんか" (masen ka) is a polite way to invite someone or make a suggestion. It literally means "Won't you...?" or "Would you like to...?" It's a question that expects a response, making it softer than "~ましょう."
「~ませんか」は、相手を誘う時や、何かを提案する時に使う丁寧な言い方です。「一緒に食べませんか」は「一緒にどうですか」という意味です。
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