じょうぞう is the standard on'yomi, with 造 undergoing rendaku (濁点化). 醸 (ジョウ) means to brew or ferment, and 造 (ゾウ) means to make or create. ほうぞう and きぞう misread 醸, and じょうろう misreads 造. This is the process of brewing or fermentation, typically for alcoholic beverages like sake, beer, or soy sauce, involving microorganisms converting substances.
じょうぞうは標準的な音読みです。醸は「かもす」、造は「つくる」の意味。酒や醤油などが微生物の働きでつくられる工程です。ほうぞうやきぞうは醸の誤読、じょうろうは造の誤読です。
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