環境保護のために ___ な取り組みが必要だ。
The correct answer is **抜本的 (ばっぽんてき)**. "抜本的な取り組み" means 'drastic' or 'fundamental efforts' that address the root cause of a problem, implying thorough reform. This fits the need for significant change in environmental protection. **根本的 (こんぽんてき)** also means 'fundamental' or 'basic.' While similar to "抜本的" and sometimes interchangeable, "抜本的" specifically emphasizes 'pulling out the roots' to enact a thorough, drastic change or overhaul, which is a stronger fit for 'efforts' to solve a deep-seated issue like environmental protection. **派生的 (はせいてき)** means 'derivative' or 'secondary.' This implies efforts that are not primary or core, which is contrary to what's needed for environmental protection. **劇的 (げきてき)** means 'dramatic.' While efforts might *have* dramatic results, describing the efforts themselves as merely 'dramatic' doesn't capture the essence of addressing root causes.
正解は**抜本的**です。「抜本的」は、問題の根本から解決するために、徹底的な改革や根本的な対策を行うという意味で、環境保護にはこのような強い取り組みが必要とされるため適切です。 「根本的」も似ていますが、「抜本的」の方が「根を抜き去る」という語源から、より積極的で徹底的な改革のニュアンスが強いです。「派生的」は二次的、副次的な意味で、主たる取り組みには合いません。「劇的」は変化が目覚ましい様子を表し、取り組み自体にはあまり使いません。
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