💡 Detailed Explanation
'波紋を投げかける' (hamon wo nagekakeru) or '波紋を呼ぶ' (hamon wo yobu) means for an event to spread influence or unrest to its surroundings. It is most suitable for a situation where an incident had a widespread and often unsettling impact on society as a whole. '疑念' (giken) means doubt or suspicion; '疑念を投げかける' means to cast doubt. '論争' (ronsō) means controversy or dispute; '論争を投げかける' could imply initiating a debate or bringing a topic into dispute. '批判' (hihan) means criticism; '批判を投げかける' means to cast criticism. While the incident might cause doubt, controversy, or criticism, '波紋' uniquely captures the sense of a continuous, spreading, and often unsettling social disturbance or effect.