JLPT N3
〜に違いない
Yamada's bag is still on his desk. He must definitely still be in the office.
📖 Explanation & Nuance
ENGLISH EXPLANATION
The pattern "～はずだ" (hazu da) expresses a strong expectation or assumption based on logical reasoning, information, or common sense. It means "must be" or "should be," indicating a high probability that something is true or will happen. The speaker has confidence in their deduction, often due to available evidence.
JAPANESE EXPLANATION
根拠や情報に基づいて、高い確率でそうだろうと推測する時に使います。客観的な状況や常識から考えて、当然そうなるはずだという確信を表します。
📝 Example Sentence
机の上に山田さんのカバンが置かれたままになっている。彼はまだ会社にいる「に違いない」。
Yamada's bag is still on his desk. He must definitely still be in the office.
Practice Quiz
Verify your grammar strength for "〜に違いない"
机の上に山田さんのカバンが置かれたままになっている。彼はまだ会社にいる（ ）。
🎉 正解 / Correct!
解説 (JP): 根拠や情報に基づいて、高い確率でそうだろうと推測する時に使います。客観的な状況や常識から考えて、当然そうなるはずだという確信を表します。\n\nCommon Mistakes:\n❌ わけがない: This is a strong denial meaning 'there is no way'. It's a bit contradictory to say 'there is no way he's here' when his bag is right there on the desk!\n❌ べきだ: This expresses an obligation (should/must). Let's deduce his location like a detective using 'に違いない' (must be) based on the clue of his bag, instead of giving him an obligation!\n❌ のはずだ: The meaning is perfect! But there's a strict Japanese rule: verbs (いる) connect directly to 'はずだ' without 'の'. If it were just 'いるはずだ', you would be totally right!
Explanation (EN): The pattern \"～はずだ\" (hazu da) expresses a strong expectation or assumption based on logical reasoning, information, or common sense. It means \"must be\" or \"should be,\" indicating a high probability that something is true or will happen. The speaker has confidence in their deduction, often due to available evidence.\n\nCommon Mistakes:\n❌ わけがない: This is a strong denial meaning 'there is no way'. It's a bit contradictory to say 'there is no way he's here' when his bag is right there on the desk!\n❌ べきだ: This expresses an obligation (should/must). Let's deduce his location like a detective using 'に違いない' (must be) based on the clue of his bag, instead of giving him an obligation!\n❌ のはずだ: The meaning is perfect! But there's a strict Japanese rule: verbs (いる) connect directly to 'はずだ' without 'の'. If it were just 'いるはずだ', you would be totally right!
Explanation (EN): The pattern \"～はずだ\" (hazu da) expresses a strong expectation or assumption based on logical reasoning, information, or common sense. It means \"must be\" or \"should be,\" indicating a high probability that something is true or will happen. The speaker has confidence in their deduction, often due to available evidence.\n\nCommon Mistakes:\n❌ わけがない: This is a strong denial meaning 'there is no way'. It's a bit contradictory to say 'there is no way he's here' when his bag is right there on the desk!\n❌ べきだ: This expresses an obligation (should/must). Let's deduce his location like a detective using 'に違いない' (must be) based on the clue of his bag, instead of giving him an obligation!\n❌ のはずだ: The meaning is perfect! But there's a strict Japanese rule: verbs (いる) connect directly to 'はずだ' without 'の'. If it were just 'いるはずだ', you would be totally right!
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