Quintuple VS
Synonym Boundary: "予定", "案", "目論見", "図る", "構想"
All represent the core concept "plan", but require precise selection.
Japanese Option A
予定
よてい (yotei)
N4 / CEFR
Japanese Option B
案
あん (an)
N3 / CEFR
Japanese Option C
目論見
もくろみ (mokurami)
N2 / CEFR
Japanese Option D
図る
はかる (hakaru)
N2 / CEFR
Japanese Option E
構想
こうそう (kōsō)
N2 / CEFR
Quintuple VS Nuance Contrast & Social Differences
When expressing "plan" in Japanese, you must carefully distinguish between "予定", "案", "目論見", "図る", "構想" based on context.
- 予定 (よてい (yotei) - Level: N4): Maps to "plan, schedule, arrangement" and is used when Often used to talk about future plans or a set schedule. Can be used with ~がある.
- 案 (あん (an) - Level: N3): Maps to "plan, idea, proposal, draft" and is used when Commonly used when discussing suggestions, drafts, or blueprints. Can also refer to a legislative bill or a scheme..
- 目論見 (もくろみ (mokurami) - Level: N2): Maps to "plan, scheme, project, intention" and is used when 通常、具体的な行動を伴う計画や企みを指します。成功を期待するが、結果は不確定なニュアンスも含むことがあります。.
- 図る (はかる (hakaru) - Level: N2): Maps to "to plan, to attempt, to devise, to seek, to aim for (e.g., efficiency, success)" and is used when Used for planning or aiming to achieve something, often positive outcomes like efficiency, improvement, or success. Also, implies making an effort or devising a scheme. 効率化、改善、成功など、何かを達成するために計画したり、目標としたり、工夫したりする際に使われます。.
- 構想 (こうそう (kōsō) - Level: N2): Maps to "plan; scheme; idea; conception (especially for a large project)" and is used when Usually refers to a comprehensive and often grand design or plan for a project, work, or idea. It implies a detailed mental framework before execution. 新しいプロジェクトや作品などについて、全体的な計画や考えを練る際に使われます。.
Context for "予定"
今週末は旅行の予定があります。
I have travel plans for this weekend.
Context for "案"
新しい企画の案を出す。
I will propose a new project plan.
Context for "目論見"
彼の会社買収の目論見は失敗に終わった。
His plan to acquire the company ended in failure.
Context for "図る"
会社はコスト削減を図るため、新しいシステムを導入した。
The company introduced a new system to aim for cost reduction.
Context for "構想"
新しい都市開発の構想が発表された。
A plan for new urban development was announced.
Synonym Mastery Challenge
Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?
Fill in the blank: "今週末は旅行の ＿＿＿ があります。" (Meaning: "I have travel plans for this weekend.")
🎉 Correct Answer!
Remember: "予定" is correct here because it represents "plan, schedule, arrangement" in the context: "I have travel plans for this weekend.".