What is the difference between "ぜんぜん", "全然", "間に合わない", "〜だけでなく", "一向に"?

"ぜんぜん" means "not at all, completely (used with negative verb)", "全然" means "not at all, entirely (with negative verb)", "間に合わない" means "to not be in time, to miss (an appointment/train etc.)", "〜だけでなく" means "not only... but also...", "一向に" means "not at all, utterly, entirely (usually with negative)".

Quintuple VS

Synonym Boundary: "ぜんぜん", "全然", "間に合わない", "〜だけでなく", "一向に"

All represent the core concept "not", but require precise selection.

Japanese Option A

ぜんぜん

ぜんぜん (zenzen)

N5 / CEFR

Japanese Option B

全然

ぜんぜん (zenzen)

N4 / CEFR

Japanese Option C

間に合わない

まにあわない (maniawanai)

N4 / CEFR

Japanese Option D

〜だけでなく

〜だけでなく (〜dake de naku)

N3 / CEFR

Japanese Option E

一向に

いっこうに (ikkou ni)

N2 / CEFR

Quintuple VS Nuance Contrast & Social Differences

When expressing "not" in Japanese, you must carefully distinguish between "ぜんぜん", "全然", "間に合わない", "〜だけでなく", "一向に" based on context.

ぜんぜん (ぜんぜん (zenzen) - Level: N5): Maps to "not at all, completely (used with negative verb)" and is used when Adverb. Stronger negation than あまり.
全然 (ぜんぜん (zenzen) - Level: N4): Maps to "not at all, entirely (with negative verb)" and is used when Always used with a negative verb or phrase.
間に合わない (まにあわない (maniawanai) - Level: N4): Maps to "to not be in time, to miss (an appointment/train etc.)" and is used when The negative form of 間に合う.
〜だけでなく (〜だけでなく (〜dake de naku) - Level: N3): Maps to "not only... but also..." and is used when Indicates that something applies not just to one thing, but to another as well, often emphasizing the second part. Connects two pieces of information..
一向に (いっこうに (ikkou ni) - Level: N2): Maps to "not at all, utterly, entirely (usually with negative)" and is used when Always used with a negative verb or adjective to emphasize 'not at all,' 'not in the least.' It expresses a complete lack of progress, change, or effect, often despite expectations or efforts..

Mixing these up can easily lead to unnatural translations. Refer to the bilingual context cards below to master the boundaries!

Context for "ぜんぜん"

私は日本語がぜんぜん分かりません。

I don't understand Japanese at all.

Context for "全然"

彼は日本語が全然分かりません。

He doesn't understand Japanese at all.

Context for "間に合わない"

急がないと、電車に間に合わないかもしれません。

I might not make it in time for the train if I don't hurry.

Context for "〜だけでなく"

彼は日本語だけでなく、英語も話せる。

He can speak not only Japanese but also English.

Context for "一向に"

いくら説明しても、彼は一向に理解しようとしない。

No matter how much I explain, he shows no sign of understanding at all.

Synonym Mastery Challenge

Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?

Fill in the blank: "私は日本語が＿＿＿分かりません。" (Meaning: "I don't understand Japanese at all.")

🎉 Correct Answer!

Remember: "ぜんぜん" is correct here because it represents "not at all, completely (used with negative verb)" in the context: "I don't understand Japanese at all.".