Quadruple VS
Synonym Boundary: "すみません", "口実", "言い訳", "免じる"
All represent the core concept "excuse", but require precise selection.
Japanese Option A
すみません
すみません (sumimasen)
N5 / CEFR
Japanese Option B
口実
こうじつ (kōjitsu)
N3 / CEFR
Japanese Option C
言い訳
いいわけ (iiwake)
N3 / CEFR
Japanese Option D
免じる
めんじる (menjiru)
N2 / CEFR
Quadruple VS Nuance Contrast & Social Differences
When expressing "excuse" in Japanese, you must carefully distinguish between "すみません", "口実", "言い訳", "免じる" based on context.
- すみません (すみません (sumimasen) - Level: N5): Maps to "Excuse me; I'm sorry; Thank you." and is used when A versatile phrase. Can be used to apologize, get attention, or express gratitude.
- 口実 (こうじつ (kōjitsu) - Level: N3): Maps to "an excuse; a pretext" and is used when Refers to a reason given to hide the real reason or to avoid doing something. Often implies a fabricated or insincere reason..
- 言い訳 (いいわけ (iiwake) - Level: N3): Maps to "excuse, explanation" and is used when Often used for giving reasons to avoid responsibility or for a minor mistake. Can have a negative connotation..
- 免じる (めんじる (menjiru) - Level: N2): Maps to "to excuse, to exempt, to remit, to forgive" and is used when A somewhat formal verb. Often used in contexts of excusing someone from a duty, forgiving a fault, or remitting a punishment/fine.
Context for "すみません"
すみません、ちょっといいですか。
Excuse me, do you have a moment?
Context for "口実"
彼は忙しいのを口実にして、手伝いを断った。
He used being busy as an excuse to refuse to help.
Context for "言い訳"
彼はいつも言い訳ばかりしている。
He's always making excuses.
Context for "免じる"
今回は特別に失敗を免じてあげよう。
I will make an exception and forgive your mistake this time.
Synonym Mastery Challenge
Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?
Fill in the blank: " ＿＿＿ 、ちょっといいですか。" (Meaning: "Excuse me, do you have a moment?")
🎉 Correct Answer!
Remember: "すみません" is correct here because it represents "Excuse me; I'm sorry; Thank you." in the context: "Excuse me, do you have a moment?".