What is the difference between "運ぶ", "実施する", "持ち越す", "繰り越す", "担う"?

"運ぶ" means "to carry, to transport", "実施する" means "to carry out, to implement, to execute", "持ち越す" means "to carry over, to postpone, to defer (to the next day/month/etc.)", "繰り越す" means "to carry over (e.g., balance, leave days)", "担う" means "to carry, to bear".

Quintuple VS

Synonym Boundary: "運ぶ", "実施する", "持ち越す", "繰り越す", "担う"

All represent the core concept "carry", but require precise selection.

Japanese Option A

運ぶ

はこぶ (hakobu)

N4 / CEFR

Japanese Option B

実施する

じっしする (jisshi suru)

N3 / CEFR

Japanese Option C

持ち越す

もちこす (mochikosu)

N2 / CEFR

Japanese Option D

繰り越す

くりこす (kurikosu)

N2 / CEFR

Japanese Option E

担う

になう (ninau)

C1 / CEFR

Quintuple VS Nuance Contrast & Social Differences

When expressing "carry" in Japanese, you must carefully distinguish between "運ぶ", "実施する", "持ち越す", "繰り越す", "担う" based on context.

運ぶ (はこぶ (hakobu) - Level: N4): Maps to "to carry, to transport" and is used when Refers to moving items from one place to another, often implying effort or a larger quantity/size than 持って行く. 物を移動させる。.
実施する (じっしする (jisshi suru) - Level: N3): Maps to "to carry out, to implement, to execute" and is used when Used for formal actions, plans, or events. Often used in business, government, or project management contexts..
持ち越す (もちこす (mochikosu) - Level: N2): Maps to "to carry over, to postpone, to defer (to the next day/month/etc.)" and is used when Used when something.
繰り越す (くりこす (kurikosu) - Level: N2): Maps to "to carry over (e.g., balance, leave days)" and is used when Commonly used in finance, accounting, or when managing annual leave, meaning to transfer something to the next period or year..
担う (になう (ninau) - Level: C1): Maps to "to carry, to bear" and is used when Essential structural term in CEFR C1 vocabulary syllabus..

Mixing these up can easily lead to unnatural translations. Refer to the bilingual context cards below to master the boundaries!

Context for "運ぶ"

この大きな荷物を一人で運ぶのは大変だ。

It's hard to carry this large luggage alone.

Context for "実施する"

その計画は来月から実施されます。

That plan will be implemented from next month.

Context for "持ち越す"

その問題は、来週の会議に持ち越されることになった。

That issue was decided to be carried over to next week's meeting.

Context for "繰り越す"

残りの有給休暇を来年に繰り越す。

To carry over the remaining paid leave to next year.

Context for "担う"

毎日、日本語を練習するために担う。

Every day, I carry, to bear to practice Japanese.

Synonym Mastery Challenge

Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?

Fill in the blank: "この大きな荷物を一人で＿＿＿のは大変だ。" (Meaning: "It's hard to carry this large luggage alone.")

🎉 Correct Answer!

Remember: "運ぶ" is correct here because it represents "to carry, to transport" in the context: "It's hard to carry this large luggage alone.".