Quadruple VS
Synonym Boundary: "います", "遅れます", "遅れる", "困る"
All represent the core concept "be", but require precise selection.
Japanese Option A
います
います (imasu)
N5 / CEFR
Japanese Option B
遅れます
おくれます (okuremasu)
N5 / CEFR
Japanese Option C
遅れる
おくれる (okureru)
N4 / CEFR
Japanese Option D
困る
こまる (komaru)
N4 / CEFR
Quadruple VS Nuance Contrast & Social Differences
When expressing "be" in Japanese, you must carefully distinguish between "います", "遅れます", "遅れる", "困る" based on context.
- います (います (imasu) - Level: N5): Maps to "to be, to exist (animate objects)" and is used when Polite form of いる. Used for the existence of animate objects.
- 遅れます (おくれます (okuremasu) - Level: N5): Maps to "to be late, to be delayed" and is used when Verb, polite form. Used when arriving after the scheduled time or when something is behind schedule. Often used with に. The dictionary form is 遅れる.
- 遅れる (おくれる (okureru) - Level: N4): Maps to "to be late, to be delayed" and is used when Intransitive verb. Used when a person or thing is behind schedule or arrives after the set time. Can also describe a delay in progress..
- 困る (こまる (komaru) - Level: N4): Maps to "to be troubled, to be in difficulty" and is used when Intransitive verb. Used to express being in a difficult, embarrassing, or problematic situation. Often used when one doesn't know what to do..
Context for "います"
部屋に猫がいます。
There is a cat in the room.
Context for "遅れます"
電車が遅れて、会社に遅れました。
The train was delayed, so I was late for work.
Context for "遅れる"
電車が10分遅れています。
The train is 10 minutes late.
Context for "困る"
お金がなくて困っています。
I'm having trouble because I don't have money.
Synonym Mastery Challenge
Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?
Fill in the blank: "部屋に猫が ＿＿＿ 。" (Meaning: "There is a cat in the room.")
🎉 Correct Answer!
Remember: "います" is correct here because it represents "to be, to exist (animate objects)" in the context: "There is a cat in the room.".