Synonym Nuance VS
How to say "Plan" in Japanese
Both words can translate to "plan", but which should you choose?
Japanese Option A
目論む
もくろむ (mokuromu)
N2 / CEFR Syllabus
VS
Japanese Option B
企図
きと (kito)
N1 / CEFR Syllabus
Nuance Contrast & Translation Difference
When translating "plan" into Japanese, you must choose carefully between 目論む and 企図.
In Japanese, 目論む (もくろむ (mokuromu)) is typically associated with "to plan, to scheme, to contemplate (often with ambition or a slightly negative/secretive nuance)" (Syllabus Level: N2) and represents Implies a grand, ambitious, or sometimes secretive plan. It can carry a slightly negative connotation, suggesting scheming or plotting, but is also used for neutral ambitious plans..
On the other hand, 企図 (きと (kito)) maps to "plan, design, attempt, scheme, intention" (Syllabus Level: N1) and represents Refers to a deliberate plan, design, or intention, often implying a strategic or formal aim. Can be neutral or have a slight nuance of a 'scheme' depending on context. Often used with「する」.. A literal translation of "plan" can often sound unnatural to native Japanese speakers if mixed up!
Bilingual Context for "目論む"
彼は新しい事業を目論んでいる。
He is planning a new business venture.
Bilingual Context for "企図"
彼は新しい事業の企図を練っている。
He is formulating the plan for a new business.
Nuance Mastery Quiz
Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?
Fill in the blank: "彼は新しい事業を目論んでいる。" (Meaning: "He is planning a new business venture.")
🎉 Correct Answer!
Remember: "目論む" fits here because it means "to plan, to scheme, to contemplate (often with ambition or a slightly negative/secretive nuance)" in the context of: "He is planning a new business venture.". "企図" represents "plan, design, attempt, scheme, intention".