Synonym Nuance VS
How to say "Difficult" in Japanese
Both words can translate to "difficult", but which should you choose?
Japanese Option A
むずかしい
むずかしい (muzukashii)
N5 / CEFR Syllabus
VS
Japanese Option B
〜にくい
〜にくい (nikui)
N3 / CEFR Syllabus
Nuance Contrast & Translation Difference
When translating "difficult" into Japanese, you must choose carefully between むずかしい and 〜にくい.
In Japanese, むずかしい (むずかしい (muzukashii)) is typically associated with "difficult" (Syllabus Level: N5) and represents An i-adjective used to describe something that is not easy to do or understand. The opposite of やさしい.
On the other hand, 〜にくい (〜にくい (nikui)) maps to "difficult to do; hard to do" (Syllabus Level: N3) and represents Indicates that an action is difficult to perform or that something is unlikely to occur. It is attached to the masu-stem. A literal translation of "difficult" can often sound unnatural to native Japanese speakers if mixed up!
Bilingual Context for "むずかしい"
この問題はとても難しくて、わかりません。
This problem is very difficult, so I don't understand it.
Bilingual Context for "〜にくい"
この字は小さくて読みにくい。
This writing is too small and hard to read.
Nuance Mastery Quiz
Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?
Fill in the blank: "この問題はとても難しくて、わかりません。" (Meaning: "This problem is very difficult, so I don't understand it.")
🎉 Correct Answer!
Remember: "むずかしい" fits here because it means "difficult" in the context of: "This problem is very difficult, so I don't understand it.". "〜にくい" represents "difficult to do; hard to do".