Synonym Nuance VS
How to say "Dear" in Japanese
Both words can translate to "dear", but which should you choose?
Japanese Option A
拝啓
はいけい (haikei)
N3 / CEFR Syllabus
VS
Japanese Option B
いとしい
いとしい (itoshii)
N2 / CEFR Syllabus
Nuance Contrast & Translation Difference
When translating "dear" into Japanese, you must choose carefully between 拝啓 and いとしい.
In Japanese, 拝啓 (はいけい (haikei)) is typically associated with "Dear (Sir or Madam); To whom it may concern (opening of a letter)" (Syllabus Level: N3) and represents A formal salutation used at the very beginning of a written letter, equivalent to "Dear Sir/Madam." It is always followed by a closing salutation like 敬具.
On the other hand, いとしい (いとしい (itoshii)) maps to "dear, beloved, lovely" (Syllabus Level: N2) and represents An adjective expressing deep affection, tenderness, or endearment towards someone or something cherished. Less commonly, it can mean 'pitiable'.. A literal translation of "dear" can often sound unnatural to native Japanese speakers if mixed up!
Bilingual Context for "拝啓"
拝啓、時下ますますご清栄のこととお慶び申し上げます。
Dear Sir/Madam, I hope this letter finds you in good health and prosperity.
Bilingual Context for "いとしい"
私のいとしい子供たちが、すくすくと育っている。
My beloved children are growing up healthily.
Nuance Mastery Quiz
Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?
Fill in the blank: " ＿＿＿ 、時下ますますご清栄のこととお慶び申し上げます。" (Meaning: "Dear Sir/Madam, I hope this letter finds you in good health and prosperity.")
🎉 Correct Answer!
Remember: "拝啓" fits here because it means "Dear (Sir or Madam); To whom it may concern (opening of a letter)" in the context of: "Dear Sir/Madam, I hope this letter finds you in good health and prosperity.". "いとしい" represents "dear, beloved, lovely".