Synonym Nuance VS
How to say "Be" in Japanese
Both words can translate to "be", but which should you choose?
Japanese Option A
ある
ある (aru)
N4 / CEFR Syllabus
VS
Japanese Option B
付く
つく (tsuku)
N4 / CEFR Syllabus
Nuance Contrast & Translation Difference
When translating "be" into Japanese, you must choose carefully between ある and 付く.
In Japanese, ある (ある (aru)) is typically associated with "to be, to exist (inanimate objects)" (Syllabus Level: N4) and represents 動かないもの（物、植物など）の存在を表します。人間や動物には「いる」を使います。
Expresses the existence of inanimate objects.
On the other hand, 付く (つく (tsuku)) maps to "to be attached, to stick, to be stained, to be turned on" (Syllabus Level: N4) and represents This is an intransitive verb with multiple meanings. Common N4 uses include 'to stick/be attached'. A literal translation of "be" can often sound unnatural to native Japanese speakers if mixed up!
Bilingual Context for "ある"
机の上に本があります。
There is a book on the desk.
Bilingual Context for "付く"
壁にきれいな絵が付いています。
A beautiful picture is attached to the wall.
Nuance Mastery Quiz
Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?
Fill in the blank: "机の上に本があります。" (Meaning: "There is a book on the desk.")
🎉 Correct Answer!
Remember: "ある" fits here because it means "to be, to exist (inanimate objects)" in the context of: "There is a book on the desk.". "付く" represents "to be attached, to stick, to be stained, to be turned on".