Synonym Nuance VS
How to say "And" in Japanese
Both words can translate to "and", but which should you choose?
Japanese Option A
及び
および (oyobi)
N3 / CEFR Syllabus
VS
Japanese Option B
ならびに
ならびに (narabini)
C1 / CEFR Syllabus
Nuance Contrast & Translation Difference
When translating "and" into Japanese, you must choose carefully between 及び and ならびに.
In Japanese, 及び (および (oyobi)) is typically associated with "and, as well as (formal)" (Syllabus Level: N3) and represents A more formal way to connect nouns or phrases, similar to と or そして but often used in official documents or formal speech..
On the other hand, ならびに (ならびに (narabini)) maps to "and, as well as" (Syllabus Level: C1) and represents Essential structural term in CEFR C1 vocabulary syllabus.. A literal translation of "and" can often sound unnatural to native Japanese speakers if mixed up!
Bilingual Context for "及び"
彼は英語及びフランス語を話せる。
He can speak English and French.
Bilingual Context for "ならびに"
私はならびにに興味があります。
I am interested in and, as well as.
Nuance Mastery Quiz
Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?
Fill in the blank: "彼は英語 ＿＿＿ フランス語を話せる。" (Meaning: "He can speak English and French.")
🎉 Correct Answer!
Remember: "及び" fits here because it means "and, as well as (formal)" in the context of: "He can speak English and French.". "ならびに" represents "and, as well as".