Synonym Nuance VS
How to say "And" in Japanese
Both words can translate to "and", but which should you choose?
Japanese Option A
云々
うんぬん (unnun)
N1 / CEFR Syllabus
VS
Japanese Option B
且
かつ (katsu)
C1 / CEFR Syllabus
Nuance Contrast & Translation Difference
When translating "and" into Japanese, you must choose carefully between 云々 and 且.
In Japanese, 云々 (うんぬん (unnun)) is typically associated with "and so on; and so forth; et cetera; blah blah blah" (Syllabus Level: N1) and represents Used to omit the rest of a quote or explanation, implying 'and so on.' It can also be used to express disinterest or dismissiveness.
On the other hand, 且 (かつ (katsu)) maps to "and, moreover" (Syllabus Level: C1) and represents Essential structural term in CEFR C1 vocabulary syllabus.. A literal translation of "and" can often sound unnatural to native Japanese speakers if mixed up!
Bilingual Context for "云々"
彼は「時間がなくて忙しいから手伝えない」と云々言っていた。
He was saying, "I can't help because I don't have time and am busy," and so on.
Bilingual Context for "且"
私は且に興味があります。
I am interested in and, moreover.
Nuance Mastery Quiz
Which Japanese word perfectly fits this blank space?
Fill in the blank: "彼は「時間がなくて忙しいから手伝えない」と ＿＿＿ 言っていた。" (Meaning: "He was saying, "I can't help because I don't have time and am busy," and so on.")
🎉 Correct Answer!
Remember: "云々" fits here because it means "and so on; and so forth; et cetera; blah blah blah" in the context of: "He was saying, "I can't help because I don't have time and am busy," and so on.". "且" represents "and, moreover".